While scientists and doctors have long known that a woman’s chances of having a child drop the older she gets, a new study suggests that a man’s age can affect a couple’s chances as well.
According to a new study out of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, the incidence of live birth declines significantly as men grow older.
The study analyzed 19,000 in-vitro fertilization cycles in 7,753 couples at an IVF center between 2000 and 2014, according to a press release from the European Study of Human Reproduction and Embryology.
"Declining sperm quality certainly plays some role, but our work shows that this is not the whole picture," says the lead researcher. "We found similar results among couples with no documented male infertility, so something else is happening." Researchers divided participants into four age groups: under 30, 30-35, 35-40, and 40-42.
LOS ANGELES – Police are investigating a claim by a Los Angeles County coroner’s investigator that an anesthesiologist used a painkiller to hasten the death of a gravely injured boy to increase the likelihood his organs could be harvested without deterioration, a newspaper reported Monday.
The investigation involves an 8-year-old who went into cardiac arrest after nearly drowning in a washing machine in 2013 and was removed from life support at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, the Los Angeles Times said.
The county’s chief medical examiner at the time listed significant causes of death as near-drowning and fragile X syndrome, a genetic abnormality that causes intellectual and physical disabilities.
At the time of the autopsy, coroner’s investigator Denise Bertone raised questions about the dose of the painkiller fentanyl given to the boy and pressed for re-examination of the case until a subsequent medical examiner added fentanyl toxicity as a significant cause of death.
However, the manner of death — accident or homicide — remains open pending the outcome of the police investigation.
Bertone’s allegation is outlined in a whistleblower lawsuit she filed last month claiming she suffered work retaliation for raising questions. The county has yet to respond to the suit in court.
The allegation is "factually wrong and patently offensive," a lawyer for the anesthesiologist, Dr. Judith Brill, said in an email to the Times.
Attorney Mark Werksman wrote that Brill’s "only concern was to assure that this child, who had drowned and was never going to recover, would not suffer any pain following the removal of life support."
Brill, 65, is a professor emeritus of clinical anesthesiology and perioperative medicine at UCLA.
The case is a rare instance of a criminal investigation into medical procedures used in organ donation. In 2007, a San Francisco surgeon was accused of hastening the death of an organ donor by using excessive amounts of drugs, but a jury acquitted him of the charge of dependent adult abuse.
"As you can imagine, this is very complicated," said Capt. William Hayes, who is in charge of the Los Angeles Police Department’s Robbery-Homicide Division. "We need to clearly understand what was done and the implications of those actions."
The lawsuit does not name the child, but the Times said Bertone confirmed in an interview that he was Cole Hartman of Castaic.
According to the coroner’s report and a 911 recording, his father came in from mowing the lawn on July 31, 2013, and found Cole headfirst in a running washing machine. His parents estimated he could have been underwater for up to 25 minutes.
Paramedics got his heart restarted and he was driven by ambulance to a hospital and later flown by helicopter to Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles.
Physicians told Cole’s family that he was not brain-dead but "would never recover normal neuro function and . could never awaken," according to an entry on his medical chart.
His parents decided to take him off life support and donate his organs.
The process required organ harvesting to wait until a ventilator was removed and Cole’s heart stopped beating on its own, a procedure known as donation after cardiac death. The process has time constraints because organs can begin deteriorating immediately, some becoming unsuitable for transplantation after 30 minutes.
In addition, physicians don’t know for certain whether patients in vegetative states experience pain so they administer painkillers.
The Times said that in a portion of the medical chart it reviewed, Brill did not mention fentanyl but wrote that "comfort care was provided throughout."
UCLA’s policy allows the use of opioids "in doses that are clinically appropriate to prevent discomfort," the newspaper reported. Under the policy, "interventions intended to preserve organ function, but which may hasten death, are prohibited."
Cole’s ventilator was removed at 10:40 a.m. The chart said his heart stopped at 10:59 a.m. and Brill declared death four minutes later.
The coroner’s office assigned Cole’s case to Bertone, a registered nurse who was the only full-time pediatric death investigator.
Bertone, who said she reviewed the full medical charts and autopsy records, claims in her lawsuit that the boy "continued to gasp for air" and that Brill then gave him fentanyl "with the purpose of inducing his death."
Bertone’s suit and coroner’s records state that the administered dose was 500 micrograms. Bertone said she had concerns about that dose being given to a boy who weighed 47 pounds.
DNA paternity testing is the methodology whereby DNA is obtained and evaluated to determine whether two individuals are biologically parent and child. A paternity test determines if a man is the biological father of an individual; likewise maternity testing establishes whether a woman is the biological mother of an individual.
DNA testing is currently the most commonly utilized technology to ascertain parentage.
Paternity testing confers a number of benefits–primary of which is to establish a medical history, to establish inheritance, legal or social allotments.
There are two types of paternity testing: postnatal paternity testing, which occurs after the baby’s birth, or prenatal paternity testing, which is performed while the mother is pregnant. Postnatal paternity testing can be performed by obtaining a blood sample or a buccal swab of the proposed father, in conjunction with either an umbilical cord blood sample at birth, or a blood specimen/buccal swab from the infant after birth, and prior to discharge from the hospital.
With prenatal testing, there are two types available: Invasive and non-invasive. Invasive testing can be done in two ways– either via CVS (chorionic villus sampling), which uses a needle , generally through the cervix within the first trimester of pregnancy to obtain chorionic villi, or via amniocentesis, which involves using a needle inserted through the pregnant abdomen in the second/third trimester to obtain amniotic fluid, which contains fetal cells for analysis. This is done in conjunction with obtaining either a blood or buccal specimen from the proposed father. There is a small risk of miscarriage associated with an invasive evaluation.
Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) involves obtaining blood from the mother in conjunction with obtaining either a blood or buccal specimen from the father. Fetal DNA can be observed in the mothers’ blood as early as 7 weeks gestation. The amount of fetal DNA retrieved by this method can vary depending on the mother’s weight. There is no risk of miscarriage with this form of testing.
A paternity test is not currently 100 percent accurate. With a DNA percentage test, the result, which is deemed the "probability of parentage", is 0 percent when the alleged father of the baby is not biologically related. The result is typically 99.99 percent when the alleged father of the baby is biologically related to the child. Very rare individuals may have two separate sets of genes, also known as chimeras, as opposed to a single distinct set, which can result in a false positive test.
There are a small number of companies within the U.S. that offer prenatal paternity testing–Raven, DDC, Accu-metrics, and Natera are among them. The cost ranges from $1400-$2000. Most insurance companies do not pay for paternity testing; a caveat is if there is concern for a particular genetic disorder–in either case, its best to confer with your insurance company directly.
Dr. Kecia Gaither is a double board-certified physician in OB/GYN and Maternal Fetal Medicine and holds a Masters’ degree in Public Health.
The Male Health Review make it obvious that men with low testosterone levels are at a higher risk of developing many serious health problems which include osteoporosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
Further reason to be conscious is because mental, emotional and physical health is highly dependent on your testosterone levels. Low testosterone levels can cause a breakdown of the body system and functions as observed when men advance in age.
Deterioration in testosterone levels can manifest in many ways that are usually not related and thus could go unnoticed. Examples of these signs include back pain, fatigue, and depression.
It is important to be able to identify the symptoms of low testosterone so that it would be easier to follow a proper treatment. While one can find out if he has low testosterone by taking a blood test, there are other ways to detect testosterone deficiency.
Low sex drive
One of the many signs of low testosterone in men is low sex drive. Testosterone is what fuels the sex drive of a man. men with testosterone deficiency are likely to lose interest in sexual activities. Although interest and frequency of sex vary from one man to another, for men with low testosterone, the interest is virtually absent.
Erectile Dysfunction
Nitric oxide is vital for erections. Erections are triggered by the body’s release of these tiny molecules (nitric oxide). How is this related to testosterone? Testosterone is responsible for triggering the release of the nitric oxide. Testosterone deficiency inhibits this action which is why erections might not be possible or they become difficult to maintain.
Low fluid level
3 parts of the body are involved in the production of the fluid that ultimately makes sperm- the testicles, seminal vesicles, and prostate glands. These 3 work together to produce the sperm that is released during ejaculation. Each of these body parts needs an adequate and good supply of testosterone to produce the 1.5-5 cubic centimeters volume of fluid for ejaculation. Low testosterone can cause a sharp reduction in the volume of this fluid.
Genital Numbness
Reports from men suffering from testosterone deficiency indicate a general numbness in the genital. While this does not mean a complete numbness, they just do not get the kind of sensational feelings that come with being touched in their penis or scrotum, which is essential for sparking sexual encounters and enjoyable sexual activities. For men with low testosterone, touching them in those areas is same as pouring water on rocks.
Decreased Energy Levels
Men with low testosterone levels usually experience severe fatigue, lose their initiative and drive. Low testosterone results in a lack of motivation to get things done.
Mood Problems
For a fact, not all testosterone deficient men experience clinical depression, but they usually feel blue or down and generally less optimistic than before.
Irritability
Low testosterone can make guys be irritable and grouchy. In this case, the men themselves might not notice this, as it is more obvious to family members, colleagues or friends. In his bookTestosterone For Life, Dr. Abraham Morgentaler an associate clinical professor of medicine at the Harvard Medical School, says men with low testosterone might keep saying they are fine, but it is people around them that would know they aren’t.
Reduced muscle mass
Inasmuch as the reduction in muscle mass is not very marked, it still happens. The feeling of reduced strength, muscle shrinkage especially in the legs and chest is felt by the sufferer himself. Every attempt to rebuild the lost muscle mass proves harder than at first.
More body fat
Not only does low testosterone cause a reduction in muscle mass, it results in increased body fat. Men with this condition accumulate belly fat while some others develop man boobs, a condition also known as gynecomastia.
So here is the good news
Testosterone deficiency can easily be treated. Common treatments include:
Testosterone therapy
Testosterone booster supplements
Dieting on foods that boost testosterone levels naturally.
You can also get more informed by going through articles on the male hormones or reading Male health reviews. Remember, knowledge is power.As well as helping you settle problems with appearance, mood, and sexuality, these steps can save you the troubles of serious medical conditions like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and osteoporosis.
A hair transplant is a surgical transplant of hair from other parts of the body to the top of the head. Hair transplants are not for everyone and can be considerably expensive. However, when other forms of treatment for hair growth fail, hair transplant surgery may be a suitable alternative.
How it Works
Hair transplant surgery works by using the permanent fringe hair around the back and sides of the scalp. This area of hair, especially in those suffering from male pattern baldness, is called donor dominant hair. Donor dominant hair has the ability to grow on any balding area where it is transplanted.
The Procedure
Hair transplant surgery is an outpatient procedure and patients undergo local anesthesia before the surgery begins. After the anesthesia has been administered, the transplant surgeon removes follicles and hair growth from the donor dominant patches on the body and divides them into individual grafts. Grafts may contain from one or two hairs (micrografts) to six hairs (minigrafts). Once the grafts have been prepared they are inserted underneath the skin of the balding area and left to grow new patches. The procedure last around six to eight hours at a time, and in most cases needs to be spread out over more than one visit until the entire area has been covered.
Scarring
There is a small amount of scarring that will occur at the donor site where the original hair has been removed. However, the rest of the hair at the donor dominant hair site usually covers these scars and makes them nearly impossible to see. Scabbing may also occur at the bald areas where hair has been transplanted. This scabbing will disappear in one or two weeks.
Results
Hair transplant surgery does not have immediate results. After the surgery has been done, the hair will fall out of the follicles. This does not mean the surgery has failed, it is merely part of the process. One to three months after the surgery, normal hair should start regrowing at the sites of the grafts. Additional treatments will result in thicker hair.
The prostate gland is an important part of a man’s reproductive system. It provides nourishing and protective fluid to support sperm survival and increase the chances of fertilization of the egg in a women’s uterus. Several conditions can affect the prostate as a man ages, including cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Function
During ejaculation, the prostate contracts around the upper portion of the urethra, preventing urine from being released into the semen. The prostate produces seminal plasma, which is a component of semen. Seminal plasma contains alkaline compounds like bicarbonate to protect sperm after ejaculation into the vagina, and supplies proteins, enzymes, and minerals such as zinc and calcium to nourish sperm. The prostate gland also secretes prostaglandins, natural compounds that are important to the movement of sperm.
Significance
The secretions of the prostate gland produce nutrients sperm need for survival. In addition, prostate fluids help to neutralize the acidic environment of the vaginal canal, helping sperm to survive and move through the vaginal canal and cervix into the uterus. Prostaglandins stimulate contraction of the uterus, to help sperm move towards the egg and increase the chance of fertilization. Without prostate gland secretions, sperm would not be able to survive in the female reproductive tract.
Considerations
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition of the prostate in which prostate tissue grows. It affects almost half of men over the age of 50 and more than 70 percent of men in their 70’s. When the prostate enlarges, it presses against the urethra, impairing the flow of urine out of the bladder. The eventual result is frequent urination since the bladder cannot fully empty. Other symptoms can include bloody or painful urination and a weak urine flow. If untreated, BPH may in rare cases lead to kidney failure.
Warning
New cases of prostate cancer affect over 750,000 men a year. Symptoms are often unnoticeable in early stages but fortunately, prostate cancer develops slowly and if caught early enough, your chances of effective treatment are high. Once prostate cancer has spread to other areas of the body however, survival rates decrease. See your doctor every year for an annual physical and prostate exam if you are over the age of 45, especially if you have a strong family history of prostate cancer.
Prevention/Solution
The Western diet and lifestyle play a significant role in the development of BPH and prostate cancer. Prostate cancer rates are increasing in underdeveloped nations as they take on the characteristics of such a lifestyle. A diet composed mainly of high fat, high calorie, nutrient-poor, processed foods and increased consumption of animal products contribute to the increasing incidence of prostate cancer around the world. Smoking and lack of adequate exercise further increase your risk.
Saw palmetto and pygeum are herbal remedies that can be useful in the treatment of BPH. To reduce symptoms of mild BPH, including nighttime urination, take 320 mg of saw palmetto “standardized to 85 to 95 percent fatty acids” or 100 mg of pygeum daily.
Testosterone is very important to men. They have all sorts of testosterone enhancers and oods to increase testosterone, but who wants to be taking supplements all their life? What if I told you there was a way to increase your baseline testosterone permanantly and naturally, without taking any kind of pill?
Thankfully, there is – and I’m about to share that with you, but before I do let me tell you some benefits that you’ll experience having higher testosterone.
Benefits of High Testosterone
1. Reduced Facial Fat
There is a large bit of evidence that suggest that high testosterone levels decreases subcutaneous fat on the face. So if you want a slimmer, sexier looking face, boosting your natural testosterone levels would do wonders.
After undergoing testosterone enhancing therapies, their moods with shown to improve drastically.
3. Increased Metabolism
Men with higher testosterone can actually eat more food without gaining as much weight in contrast to the lower testosterone men. That is because testosterone has been shown to increase the basal metabolic rate and inhibit formation of new fat cells.
4. Women Love Men With High Testosterone
A study has suggested that women can actually pick up on the “smell” of testosterone – and it attracts them deeply, especially if they are ovulating. Here’s the study:
The reason being is that women subconsiously seek out the best genes for their offspring, and they can’t help but be attracted to a man with high testosterone!
There’s much more benefits, but I think you get the point, which leads me to the natural way to boost your testosterone levels, which is…
Winning can actually boost your testosterone levels, and if you win enough or frequently, your testosterone baseline levels can be boosted permanently.
Isn’t that information just wild? When you win at things, whether it be a sports match, a video game (video gaming cannot be all you do! Please!), or succeeding at your goal of doing 5 pull-ups, the sense of winning can boost your testosterone levels. When your testosterone levels are boosted, you are confident to take bigger and bigger risks, which in turn boost your testosterone levels even more!
If you want to boost your test levels, take risks often. Say hi to that cute girl at the coffee shop, work out harder than you ever have before, start your own business, sign up and run a marathon. Get out there and win and win often!
So there it is, simple and natural. But if you’re always looking to do your best and win, you’ll see your test levels rise and rise. Get out there and live life to the fullest!
For more information, check out the book The Winner Effect by Ian Robertson.
The number of deadly metastatic prostate cancer cases increased considerably in the last decade, potentially due to a recent decrease in the number of men screened for disease, according to a new study.
The Northwestern Medicine study released Tuesday analyzed the information of 767,550 men who had been diagnosed with prostate cancer between the years 2004 and 2013, and found that the number of new cases rose to 72 percent within the last decade.
The largest increase in new cases— 92 percent— was amongst men between the ages 55 and 69. This finding is particularly troubling, researchers noted, because men in this age group are believed to benefit most from prostate cancer screening and early treatments.
Researchers also observed an increase in average Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) levels in men who were diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer, suggesting a greater extent of the disease at diagnosis. PSA is a protein made in the prostate gland that is often elevated in men with prostate cancer, and is used to test for the disease in patients.
The average PSA level, the study found, was 49 in 2013, compared to 25 in 2004.
“One hypothesis is the disease has become more aggressive, regardless of the change in screening,” study senior author Dr. Edward Schaeffer, chair of urology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Northwestern Medicine, said in a news release. “The other idea is since screening guidelines have become more lax, when men do get diagnosed, it’s at a more advanced stage of disease.”
The study, published in Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, also cites a substantial decline in the number of men being screened for prostate cancer, as well as an associated decrease in the overall number of new cases of prostate cancer reported.
Treatment can be curative in patients diagnosed with an aggressive, localized prostate cancer, the study said. However, metastatic prostate cancer, a form of cancer in which the malignant cells have spread to other parts of the body, is not curable and treatments only slow the progression of the disease.
Most men that present with metastatic prostate cancer eventually die from the disease, and, according to Schaeffer, there may be a significant increase in the death rate due to prostate cancer if patients are diagnosed with the metastatic stage of the disease. Researchers hope that the study’s findings will result in changes to current screening guidelines.
“The results indicate that screening guidelines and treatment need to be refined based on individual patient risk factors and genetics,” lead author Dr. Adam Weiner, a Feinberg urology resident, said in a press release. “This may help prevent the growing occurrence of metastatic prostate cancer and potential deaths associated with the disease.”
Researchers said men who fall under the U.S Preventative Taskforce guidelines should get screened for prostate cancer, as early detection is crucial in the fight against the disease. Current guidelines specify that men should speak to their doctor about being tested if they are over 50, are an African American male over the age of 45, or have a family history of prostate cancer
“If I were a patient, I would want to be vigilant.” Schaffer said. “I firmly believe that PSA screening and rectal exams save lives.”
What are the three most horrifying words in the English language? Wrong. The correct answer is "amateur testicle surgery." The BBC reports 56-year-old Allan Matthews pleaded guilty Wednesday to removing another man’s left testicle at an Australian motel despite not being qualified to practice medicine.
The unsanctioned surgery took place in May after a 52-year-old man posted an ad online seeking help for a medical issue, according to the Sydney Morning Herald.
The man was apparently still suffering after being kicked in the groin by a horse years earlier but couldn’t afford an actual doctor. A week after Matthews allegedly removed the man’s testicle, infection set in.
The man went to the hospital, and the police launched an investigation. Authorities say a raid of Matthews’ home last month turned up medical equipment, seven guns, and four bottles of what may be amyl nitrate.
In addition to performing surgery without being a doctor, Matthews also pleaded guilty to gun and drug charges. He did not plead guilty to inflicting "reckless grievous bodily harm." AAP reports Matthews is out on bail until another hearing next month.
(An Oregon man claimed surgery left him with an 80-pound scrotum.)
Eligible couples: An eligible couple refers to a currently married couple wherein the wife is in the reproductive age, which is generally assumed to lie between the ages of 15-45 years. There will be at least 150-180 such couples per 1000 populations in India. These couples are in need of family planning services. About 20 percent of eligible couples are found in the age group 15-24 years. On an average 2.5 million couples are joining the reproductive group every year. The eligible couple register is a basic document for organizing family planning work.
Target couples: The term target couples are applied who have had 2-3 living children, and family planning was largely directed to such couples. The definition of a target couple has been gradually enlarged to include families with one child or even newly married couples with a view to develop acceptance of the idea of family planning from the earliest possible stage.
Couple protection rate: Couple protection rate (CPR) is an indicator of the prevalence of contraceptive practice in the community. It is defined as the percent of eligible couples effectively protected against childbirth by one or the other approved methods of family planning, viz sterilization, IUD, condom or oral pills. Sterilization accounts for over 60 percent of effectively protected couples. Efforts to improve availability and access to contraceptive care in India during the seventies and early eighties resulted in a steep rise in couple protection rates. However, there was no commensurate fall in the birth rate. Service reports on CPR and SRS estimates of CBR indicate that there has been a steady decline in the CBR during the nineties in spite of the fact that the rise in CPR during the nineties has been very slow. This may indicate thateither there has been a reduction in over reporting of contraceptive acceptance or there has been improvement in the quality of services and appropriate contraceptives are being provided at appropriate time. During 2004-05, the total number of family planning acceptors by different methods was as follows.
Sterilization 4.92 million
Vasectomy 0.13 million
Tubectomy 4.79 million
IUD insertion 6.25 million
Condom users 18.28 million
Oral pill users 7.70 million
However 55 percent eligible couples are still unprotected against conception. As of 31st March 2000, about 79 million couples (46.%) of eligible couples in the reproductive age group 15-44 years were effectively protected against conception by one or the other family planning methods.
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If your sex drive isn’t as strong as it used to be, you can’t focus at work or you’re tired all the time, low testosterone could be to blame.
Approximately 4 out of 10 men over age 45 have low testosterone, according to the Urology Care Foundation.
Although it can affect your sex life, some men with the condition also have high blood pressure, high cholesterol and obesity. Low testosterone can also increase your risk for type 2 diabetes, according to a study in the journal Cell Metabolism.
If you suspect you have low testosterone, here are 10 are warning signs to keep an eye on and talk about with your doctor.
1. Low libido
Although some men will notice their libido decreases as they get older, the most significant and obvious sign of low testosterone is a sudden decline in sex drive, said Dr. Joseph Alukal, an assistant professor in the departments of urology and obstetrics and gynecology and director of Male Reproductive Health at NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City.
2. Extra weight
Carrying extra pounds can affect testosterone because fat cells convert testosterone to estrogen, which decreases circulating testosterone, said Dr. Philip Werthman, a urologist and director of the Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Vasectomy Reversal in Los Angeles.
Although men who are overweight or obese can have low testosterone, it’s not clear whether they gain weight because their testosterone is low or if their testosterone is low because they’re overweight. Either way, eating healthy, exercising and losing weight is often enough for them to feel better, he said.
3. Erectile dysfunction
As many as 30 million men have erectile dysfunctionand low testosterone could be to blame. In order to get and keep a strong erection, it’s necessary to have adequate blood flow, circulation, functioning valves, normal sensations and sex drive and testosterone is responsible for all of it, Werthman said.
4. Fatigue
If you’re exhausted by lunchtime, crash on the couch after work and find it challenging to get motivated to do anything, low testosterone could be zapping your energy.
5. Sleep problems
Men with low testosterone can experience insomnia but it’s also associated with obstructive sleep apnea, a sleep disorder which affects more than 18 million Americans and can lead to high blood pressure, heart disease and problems with mood and memory.
Although low testosterone doesn’t cause obstructive sleep apnea, many men who have sleep apnea are also overweight, which can lead to low testosterone, Werthman said. The bottom line: If your partner says you snore, or you feel tired after sleeping all night, see your doctor for a sleep study.
6. Lack of concentration
Since testosterone is responsible for focus, if the hormone is low, you can experience brain fog, have trouble concentrating and even have memory problems.
7. Depression
A study in the Journal of Sexual Medicine found that 56 percent of men who had borderline low testosterone also had significant symptoms of depression, were already diagnosed with depression and/or were taking antidepressant medication.
When men receive testosterone replacement therapy, they often see an improvement in their depression, and it’s more effective than the anti-depressants they were taking, Werthman said.
8. Breast growth
Since low testosterone causes the ratio of estrogen and testosterone in the body to become unbalanced, some men may grow breast tissue, a condition known as gynecomastia.
9. Aches and pains Low testosterone can decrease muscle mass and strength so some men may experience joint pain, muscle aches and be more prone to injury.
10. Bone problems
Although osteoporosis is usually thought to affect women only, it can be a problem for men with low testosterone because it decreases bone density.
If you suspect you have low testosterone, make an appointment with your doctor who can diagnose it with a simple blood test and suggest several types of testosterone replacement therapy.
Julie Revelant is a health journalist and a consultant who provides content marketing and copywriting services for the healthcare industry. She’s also a mom of two. Learn more about Julie at revelantwriting.com.
