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Charlie Gard: Parents of ill baby say ‘he deserves a chance’ at treatment in US

The parents of terminally ill 11-month-old Charlie Gard said on Sunday their son "deserves a chance" to be taken to the U.S. for an experimental treatment that could improve his condition.

Connie Yates and Chris Gard spoke outside London’s Great Ormond Street Hospital, where Charlie has been kept since November, after delivering a petition signed by more than 350,000 people urging the hospital to allow the baby to be taken to the United States.

"He’s our son, he’s our flesh and blood and we feel that it should be our right as parents to decide to give him a chance at life," Yates said. "For a medication that is just an oral medicine, no known major side effects, you know, there is nothing to lose. He deserves a chance."

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This is an undated hand out photo of Chris Gard and Connie Yates with their son Charlie Gard provided by the family, at Great Ormond Street Hospital, in London

Charlie’s father said there is no evidence he has "catastrophic brain damage," adding, "He should have had this chance a long time ago. They said it wasn’t fair to leave him on a ventilator for three months with a treatment that they didn’t think was going to work, he’s now been left for seven months with no treatment, so he could have had it twice over. He deserves this chance at last and hopefully we will get it."

Charlie’s case is expected to be back in Britain’s High Court on Monday. The hospital requested the hearing because of new medical information from researchers at the Vatican’s children’s hospital suggesting experimental treatment might possibly be useful.

U.S. lawyer Catherine Glenn Foster, who is helping the family, said Sunday, "this new evidence involves the therapy itself and the percent success rate, and the likelihood that it will significantly help Charlie."

Connie’s mother had called on Theresa May to help, but Justice Secretary David Lidington told Sky News that although the case is "heart-wrenching" the government has "no role to play."

Smoking affects women more than you think

Worldwide, 1 out of every 10 people die because of habitual smoking, according to a new Global Burden of Diseases report.

(iStock)

Having centuries of experience appealing to customers, tobacco companies know how to play the marketing game. They use beautiful people, social appeal, and celebrities to draw attention. Sadly, people are still caving into the allure, and women specifically are suffering the harmful consequences of smoking.

Worldwide, 1 out of every 10 people die because of habitual smoking, according to a new Global Burden of Diseases report. In 2015, about 1 billion people smoked on a daily basis, and over 6 million died from tobacco-related causes that year.

Although many smokers downplay tobacco’s harmful effects, the research shows otherwise. According to the report’s author, one of the biggest causes of early death and health complications is smoking, a preventable malady.

In this same report, researchers found that 1 in every 20 women smoke every day, despite warnings that it can severely affect their health. In the United States alone, over 20 million women smoke, and the majority of these female smokers are teens and young women.

Smoking Risks for Women

If you’re a woman who smokes, you cannot deny the science. Both men and women have increased risks for cancer, lung disease, and other breathing complications. In fact, smoking increases the risk for nearly all illnesses and causes more deaths than illegal drugs, guns, or traffic accidents.

In addition to these usual risks, women will also experience a variety of other health problems. No matter what people think, women do smoke habitually, and this habit does wreak havoc on their health.

Pregnancy

One area of a woman’s life that smoking touches is pregnancy. Smoking is known to cause major pregnancy complications, including low birth weight, preterm delivery, miscarriage, stillbirth, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.

If the woman smokes during pregnancy, the baby may have lung problems and go through withdrawal during the crucial first days of life.

At the same time, women who smoke have a harder time getting pregnant in general. Studies show that smokers have a 60 percent increased risk of infertility, and women smokers go through menopause several years earlier than non-smoking women.

Heart Disease

Women also have a higher risk for developing heart disease than men, especially if they smoke. Smoking damages blood cells in the body and actually causes plaque buildup in the arteries.

Once the plaque builds up enough, it severely restricts blood flow and leads to heart attacks. In addition, women who smoke and use contraceptive pills raise their chances for heart disease even further.

Bone Loss

Smoking is also linked to reducing bone density in women. This habit combined with their tendency to a poor diet, low physical activity, and alcohol consumption all increase the risk of thinning out the bone.

Breast and Cervical Cancer

While smoking raises the risk for all types of cancer, women especially run a higher risk for breast and cervical cancer. In the case of cervical cancer, smoking can damage cervical cells that women need to fight off infection. If they cannot fight the infection, they open up the possibility for a variety of problems, including cervical cancer.

For breast cancer patients, those who smoke risk dying from the cancer by as much as 75 percent. Their bodies simply cannot process the chemicals from cigarettes and fight off cancer effectively.

Female smokers need to understand the reality of this practice. Smoking will not give them a better social status, make them more beautiful, or improve their physical and emotional well-being. It will lead to health problems, more depression, and a nasty addiction that will cost them their lives. Instead, they should find a better way to vent emotions or improve social status and give up smoking for good.

This article first appeared on AskDrManny.com.

Dr. Manny Alvarez serves as Fox News Channel’s senior managing health editor. He also serves as chairman of the department of obstetrics/gynecology and reproductive science at Hackensack University Medical Center in New Jersey. Click here for more information on Dr. Manny’s work with Hackensack University Medical Center. Visit AskDrManny.com for more.

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Study links parental smoking with increased risk of childhood cancer

Researchers found a possible link between parental smoking and an increased risk of a common type of childhood cancer.

(iStock)

The dangers that secondhand smoke pose to growing children and unborn babies is well documented, but now researchers are adding another frightening health risk to the list — genetic changes associated with a common type of childhood cancer.

The study, published in this month’s edition of Cancer Research, is the first to link smoking by both parents to specific genetic changes in tumor cells of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), Reuters reported.

WHAT THE BACTERIA IN YOUR MOUTH MAY REVEAL ABOUT YOUR CANCER RISK

“Another way of looking at this is that we are seeing evidence of the toxic effects of tobacco smoke in the genes of the leukemia cell, a molecular type of forensic pathology,” lead study author Adam de Smith, a researcher at the University of California San Francisco’s Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, told Reuters.

“These deletions are not inherited from parents but are acquired in the child’s immune cells, so we think the more important windows of tobacco exposure are during pregnancy and after birth,” he said.

Researchers examined data on pre-treatment tumor samples from 559 ALL patients in a study of childhood leukemia cases in California, Reuters reported. About two-thirds of the tumor samples contained at least one of the eight gene deletions commonly missing in ALL patients. Deletions were more common in children whose mothers had smoked during pregnancy and after birth, Reuters reported.

YOUNG CANCER PATIENTS MAY STRUGGLE SOCIALLY YERAS AFTER DIAGNOSIS

Researchers determined that for each five cigarettes smoked daily during pregnancy, there was a 22 percent increase in the number of deletions, and for each five cigarettes smoked daily during breast-feeding, there was a 74 percent increase in the number of deletions. The risk was not exclusive to smoking in mothers, as researchers noted a 7 to 8 percent increase in the number of deletions when a mother or father smoked five cigarettes daily before conception, Reuters reported.

While the findings noted that boys were more sensitive to the effects of maternal smoking, a limitation of the study was that researchers don’t know when the genetic deletions occurred relative to the development of leukemia, Reuters reported. The data also relied on parents to self-report their smoking habits in questionnaires.

“The best thing to do to reduce risk to a minimum is to cut out smoking altogether,” Dr. Marte Reigstad, a researcher at Olso University Hospital in Norway who was not involved in the study, told Reuters.

Reuters contributed to this report.

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Canadian man left with horrific burns after e-cigarette explodes in pocket

A Canadian man’s wife said his vaping days are behind him after an e-cigarette exploded in his pocket on Friday, leaving him with second- and third-degree burns on his leg. Terrence Johnson and Rachel Rex were leaving a restaurant when a loose e-cigarette battery made contact with coins in his pocket, Global News reported.

“We were outside of our favorite restaurant, Embarcadero, chatting with our favorite waiter after a great meal and there was an explosion and flames everywhere,” Rex told Global News. “We realized my husband Terrence was on fire. The loose backup batter on his e-cigarette had exploded in his pocket with some change.”

On Sunday, the couple was informed that Johnson will require skin grafting for the third-degree burns on his thigh.

“We heard about the actual devices exploding but never knew the risk of the batteries,” Rex told Global News. “We keep thinking thank God one of our kids wasn’t standing next to him and we want to warn people.”

Surveillance camera captured the explosion, which melted Johnston’s underwear to his skin and burned his hands when he tried to put it out, Rex told the news outlet. A GoFundMe page has been set up to help the family cover medical expenses.

“It was horrific and needless to say, his vaping days are over,” she said.

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Male smokers impact future kids in unique way

Kids of men who smoke may be born with a higher tolerance to drugs, even life-saving ones.

(AP Photo/Gerald Herbert)

When research began to trickle out 10 years ago suggesting that what we do today can affect the health of our unborn children, it was largely "considered heretical," medical biochemistry professor Dr.

Oliver Rando tells the Boston Herald. Not anymore. Habits like cigarette smoking have since been shown to negatively affect future generations, and now a new study, albeit on mice, suggests yet another side effect: When fathers smoke, their future children may be born with a higher tolerance of not just tobacco but drugs of all kinds—the danger being that life-saving ones such as antibiotics, chemo, and antidepressants could be less effective for them.

Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Medical School describe it as inheriting "enhanced chemical tolerance and drug clearance abilities." The findings need to be replicated in humans and the ramifications are still unknown, but the implications could be broad.

Drugs of both the illicit and life-saving variety are metabolized similarly in the liver, so while the study involved only nicotine and cocaine, "it would also be reasonable to think other drugs would be less effective," one of the researchers says.

Canadian men left with horrific burns after e-cigarette explodes in pocket

On Sunday, the couple was informed that Johnson will require skin grafting for the third-degree burns on his thigh.

“It was horrific and needless to say, his vaping days are over,” she said.

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Exercise linked to better breast cancer outcomes

Several lifestyle changes can improve outcomes after a breast cancer diagnosis, but exercise is far and away the best habit to establish, researchers say.

Women with breast cancer, whether newly diagnosed or at any time in their "survivorship" phase, need to exercise regularly and avoid weight gain, said Dr. Ellen Warner from Odette Cancer Center at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center in Toronto, who coauthored the research review.

Warner and her colleague Julie Hamer joined forces to review nearly 70 articles that addressed lifestyle modifications that might have an impact on the risk of breast cancer recurrence and survival after breast cancer.

They found that regular physical activity can reduce the risk of dying from breast cancer by 40 percent compared to women who didn’t exercise. Unfortunately, less than 13 percent of women with breast cancer achieve the recommended 150 minutes per week of physical activity.

"Exercise has the greatest benefit on lowering risk of recurrence and has many other secondary benefits like helping with weight management (which itself lowers the risk of recurrence) and fewer side effects from chemo, radiation, and hormone therapy," Warner told Reuters Health by email.

Gaining weight during or after breast cancer treatment is risky – it increases the chance of recurrence and decreases survival rates, the review concludes.

Women who are already overweight or obese also have a higher risk of recurrence and death, but it’s not clear whether weight loss actually improves those outcomes. Studies are underway to examine this further, the researchers write in the Canadian Medical Association Journal.

Does diet matter? Yes and no. Breast cancer recurrence rates are similar whether women eat a diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and chicken or a diet high in processed grains, processed meats and red meat. But high dietary saturated fat can increase the risk of death from breast cancer. Soy products, however, do not increase the risk of breast cancer recurrence and might even reduce it.

"Women with breast cancer don’t need to make extreme diet changes (like cutting out meat, dairy, sugar, soy, etc.)," Warner said. "There is no evidence any of these are effective. They can eat anything in moderation and following Canada’s food guide would be helpful if they don’t know much about nutrition."

Women with breast cancer – well, everyone, really – should stop smoking. It’s strongly associated with the risk of death from breast cancer, and stopping improves overall survival.

What about alcohol intake and vitamin supplementation? The evidence is limited and inconsistent, so further study is needed before making specific recommendations, the team notes.

"There’s a large ongoing Canadian study of women age 40 and under newly diagnosed with breast cancer called RUBY, and one of the projects in this study is to look at how various lifestyle factors (diet, exercises, supplements, etc.) affect prognosis for that specific age group," Warner said.

"Adopting a healthy lifestyle is great but should never be seen as a substitute for conventional therapy," she concluded.

In their review, the authors note that very few of the included studies met the highest standards of clinical trials.

Dr. Livia Augustin from St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto and the Fondazione Giovanni Pascale National Cancer Institute in Naples, Italy, has, along with others, designed a clinical trial (DEDiCa) to investigate whether low glycemic index diet, exercise and vitamin D reduces breast cancer recurrence.

"People with breast cancer suffer from several comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis, and therefore many health complications; therefore, quitting smoking, increasing vitamin D when necessary, increasing physical activity, and improving dietary aspects are crucial therapeutic targets to reduce complications and health care costs as well as help to live longer with a better quality of life," Augustin told Reuters Health by email.

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How to Empty the Fluid in a Bic Lighter

When emptying the fluid from a Bic lighter, keep in mind that the lighter fluid is filled with butane and needs to be handled with caution. Butane can manifest as a liquid, although it becomes a gas and will evaporate when exposed to room temperature. According to Engineering Toolbox, butane will aerosolize and fade into the air at 33 degrees Fahrenheit. The trick to emptying a Bic lighter is to remove the safety tab and work in a well ventilated area.

Things You’ll Need

Work gloves
Safety glasses
Dust mask

Small flathead screwdriver
Needlenose pliers
Two bricks

Put on work gloves, safety glasses and a dust mask to protect your skin, eyes and lungs.
Pick up the lighter. Turn the lighter so the press-down tab is aimed away from you. Look at the middle of the thumbwheel. Press open the two tiny metal tabs, pressing one to the left and one to the right, with your fingers or the screwdriver head. The metal tabs hold the safety tab in place.
Insert the screwdriver head into the flame opening and under the middle of the thumbwheel. Apply slight pressure to pop up the metal safety tab — the flat metal sheath — in the middle the thumbwheel. Remove the sheath. Close the tiny metal tabs.
Remove the metal wick, thumbwheel and plastic press-down tab and rim with needlenose pliers. Sit the lighter up right. Place two bricks flush against the sides of the lighter so it does not fall over. Allow the lighter to sit for 24 hours to ensure full evaporation of the butane.

Tips & Warnings

Keep lighters away from children and animals.
Although evaporation will begin to occur immediately when the gas is directly exposed to air, do not spark a match near the exposed butane.

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E-Cigarettes, Explained

I would consider it a potential stepping stone tool to the complete cessation of smoking, but being a nicotine addict is still being an addict.

— Dr. Robert Kominiarek, family physician in Springboro, Ohio

For more than 50 years, Frank Sparks smoked traditional cigarettes. Sparks, now 64, said he was 62 when he knew it was time to quit. “I couldn’t run down the block without losing my breath,” Sparks said.

Within three days of stumbling upon e-cigarettes, Sparks — a former Navy SEAL and a resident of California — stopped smoking traditional cigarettes and hasn’t sparked one up since.

Although e-cigarettes are not marketed as a smoking cessation product, the battery-operated vapor technology has gained acceptance by smokers and non-smokers alike. As the popularity of this smokeless option continues to rise, so does the controversy regarding whether it is healthy or harmful.

The 411 on E-Cigarettes

Electronic cigarettes come in many forms and sizes. Modeled to mimic the form and function of a traditional tobacco-filled cigarette, most e-cigarettes contain a battery that heats up the sensor and a tank for nicotine and flavor-filled cartridges.

The electronic nicotine delivery system, powered by a rechargeable battery, works by heating a liquid into vapor, which is inhaled into the lungs.

According to Nick Molina, CEO of International Vapor Group — parent company of South Beach Smoke — users exhale a water vapor that contains 0 percent smoke and 0 percent tobacco. “It gives the same type of sensations as a traditional cigarette and provides the oral fix,” he said.

Customers of South Beach Smoke can obtain the refillable vapors online and choose from a variety of flavors, Molina said.

Finding the right flavor is key, Sparks said. “When I started using e-cigarettes two years ago, there were limited flavors,” he said. “I started with tobacco flavors and eventually tried some others.”

E-Cigarettes: Is It a Cost-Effective Alternative?

As the tax on tobacco continues to increase, many consumers are paying $12 to $13 a pack for traditional cigarettes, says Nick Molina, CEO of International Vapor Group, parent company of South Beach Smoke.

In some instances, users of e-cigarettes can save more than 50 percent when making the switch from traditional cigarettes.

“Our cartridges are $2 to $3 each, which is equivalent to a pack and a half of traditional cigarettes,” said Molina. When buying in bulk, refillable vapors cost approximately $30, equivalent to a carton of traditional cigarettes.

Users, though, must evaluate the start-up costs when making the switch to e-cigarettes. The upfront investment ranges from $60 to $75 for an e-cigarette case, said Molina. “The long-term savings are undisputed,” he said.

Healthy or Harmful?

It’s difficult to call e-cigarettes healthy, but many supporters say they are healthier than traditional cigarettes.

Technology is fairly new and studies have not consistently confirmed or denied health benefits. A recent study by Dr. Igor Burstyn of Drexel University, however, led to the conclusion that chemicals in electronic cigarettes pose minimal health risks for users and bystanders. The study, funded by the Consumer Advocates for Smoke-free Alternatives Research Fund, reported that the amounts of propylene glycol and glycerin — the main chemicals in e-cigarette cartridges — were far below a dangerous level.

Molina asserts that e-cigarettes do not have the 4,000-plus chemicals you find in traditional cigarettes. “In addition, there’s no fire, no tar, no smell and less occurrence of yellowing teeth,” he said. “Those around you are not exposed to second-hand smoke like traditional cigarettes.”

Dr. Sophie J. Balk, attending pediatrician at the Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Medical Center in New York City, noted that just as with regular cigarettes, users of e-cigarettes can become hooked on them.

“They don’t contain thousands of other toxic chemicals — many of them cancer causing — found in regular cigarettes,” Balk said, but she added, “It’s the nicotine in cigarettes and e-cigs that is highly addictive.”

A Potential Stepping Stone

Although he does not cite any health benefits of e-cigarettes, Dr. Robert Kominiarek, a family physician in Springboro, Ohio, said that e-cigarettes have the potential to help a person who wishes to quit traditional cigarettes. He said it is not yet clear, however, whether e-cigarettes are as effective as nicotine patches and nicotine gum to help with smoking cessation.

“I do have patients that have quit conventional cigarettes to get their synthetic nicotine fix. They have the advantage of satisfying the nicotine craving as well as giving people something to do with their hands, which is a definite component of smoking addiction,” Kominiarek said. “In my opinion, anything that may help someone stop smoking is worth a try. I would consider it a potential stepping stone tool to the complete cessation of smoking, but being a nicotine addict is still being an addict.”

Sparks, who has now used e-cigarettes for two years, said he has been “vaping” to reduce his nicotine intake. “When I first started, I was at the highest level of nicotine after smoking for 54 years,” he said. “I am now down to 0.06 nicotine intake. E-cigs took my nicotine intake down significantly.”

Sparks can attest to the benefits of making the switch. “I’m older now and my breathing has improved 100 percent,” he said. “I still like the ritual of smoking — hand to mouth — so this option is 100 percent safer for me.”

Molina has heard this testimonial from numerous customers of South Beach Smoke. “A lot of consumers do look to e-cigs as an alternative to quitting smoking with a high level of success,” he said. “They are no longer smoking traditional cigarettes. Our motto is: ‘If you can’t quit, switch.’ ”

Photo Credit MilknCoffee/iStock/Getty Images

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How Long Does Tobacco Stay in a Human’s System?

Tobacco comes from the plant called Nicotinia tabacum and nicotine, which is in tobacco and is highly addictive. In fact, it’s the nicotine that is found within your system and is the stimulant in tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars and chew. The amount of absorption of nicotine in your body depends on whether you use a filter and whether you inhale or chew the tobacco. Chewing tobacco absorbs more nicotine than smoking it.

Time

How long nicotine stays in your system depends on how long you have been smoking and how many cigarettes you smoke per day. For occasional smokers, it stays in their body for two to four days, but with heavy smokers, it can last up to a few months. Also, for people exposed to secondhand smoke — tobacco smoke that smokers exhale and that passersby inhale — nicotine can stay in their body for 15 to 20 days.

Tests

Tests to find out whether nicotine or other substances are in the body can be done through a urine, blood or hair test. Urine testing is very common and can detect nicotine in the body for up to 20 days, but blood tests can detect the slightest traces of nicotine in the bloodstream for a longer period of time. A hair follicle test can detect traces of nicotine up to 90 days and is very accurate; it’s also expensive, so it’s used less often.

Clearing the System

To cleanse your system of tobacco and nicotine products, drink eight to 10 glasses of water each day. This helps to flush it out and speeds up the detoxification process. Fruits containing vitamin C also help to clear your system by metabolizing the substances, and physical exercise and perspiration will also help to flush your system.

Warnings

Tobacco products are highly dangerous due to the nicotine and its addictive properties. Emphysema, cancer and heart disease are just a few of the illnesses that can develop as a direct result from using tobacco products. Other problems that can develop are gum disease, tooth loss and mouth ulcers. Nicotine is considered one of the hardest addictions to overcome.

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How to Chew on a Cigar

Cigars are tightly rolled sticks of tobacco. Unlike cigarettes, they are rolled not in paper but in dried tobacco. Cigars are also typically more expensive than cigarettes and take much longer to fully smoke. By chewing on the end of a lit or unlit cigar, you can enjoy the taste of the tobacco. This does not decrease the health risks associated with tobacco use as the tobacco is still being introduced into your system. It is simply being delivered differently.

Things You’ll Need

Cigar
Cigar trimmer

Match/lighter

Cut or bite off the capped end of the cigar with a cigar trimmer or your teeth. You can tell the capped end because it has a small tobacco cap glued onto the end to seal the cigar. This is also the end where the cigar brand is typically wrapped around the cigar. Be careful not to cut off to much or you will lose some of the tobacco.
Place the cut end of the cigar into your mouth.
Hold the flame from a match or butane lighter just under the other end of the cigar. Do not allow the flame to come in contact with the cigar. Roll the cigar lightly to allow an even burn around the end. The edges should blacken slightly. Gently puff on the cigar to stabilize the burn on the cigar. Do not inhale the smoke.
Chew lightly on the end of the cigar in your mouth. Pull more of it into your mouth if you do not have enough to chew on. You want to moisten the end of the cigar while chewing on it just enough to release the flavor of the tobacco wrapper. Do not chew through the tobacco wrapper as this will release the loose tobacco into your mouth. Roll the cigar around so that it gets chewed evenly.
Discard the cigar if it has burned all the way down or if you are no longer able to taste the tobacco as the flavor has seeped entirely into your mouth. Cigars can take anywhere from 30 minutes to over an hour to fully smoke.

Tips & Warnings

You may skip the lighting of the cigar if you desire. Some smokers simply chew on unlit cigars while others enjoy chewing on them after they have been lit.

Cigars are only meant for those who are of a legal age to purchase and enjoy them. In most places, this is 18 years, the same age minimum for the purchase of cigarettes and all tobacco products.
Chewing or smoking cigars pose a health risk. Refer to the American Cancer Society webpage for more information.

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How to Clean Atomizers

Regularly cleaning and maintaining your atomizer can make or break your electronic cigarette experience. As of 2011, the debate over the safety of electronic cigarettes is ongoing. Advocates claim electronic cigarettes are a safe alternative to the harmful toxins and additives in traditional cigarettes. Opponents, on the other hand, assert that not enough tests have been done to come to any conclusive results. If you do decide to smoke electronic cigarettes, however, it is important to understand the steps you can take to ensure that your atomizer functions at its highest potential.

Things You’ll Need

Rubbing alcohol (optional)
Vinegar (optional)
Vodka (optional)

Bowl
Lint-free cloth
Water

Wipe the atomizer adapter sites with a lint-free cloth. This will remove any moisture, dust or other particles from the connection points that connect the atomizer to the battery. Making sure these connections are free of debris is important because electric current runs through these adapter sites when the e-cigarette is charging.
Blow into the atomizer from either end to remove any large particles that may be in the atomizer.
Soak the atomizer in a bowl of alcohol based solution for about 10 minutes. This will help break apart clumps formed from the hardening of saliva and dirt or dust. Some people prefer to put their fingers over the holes of the atomizer after soaking and giving it a firm shake. It’s up to you whether you want to do this.
Lay the lint-free cloth flat on the table.
Place the atomizer vertically on the lint-free cloth with the battery side facing up. You may want to lean it against something solid so that it remains upright while drying. The solution will drain out of the atomizer onto the lint-free cloth, allowing the atomizer to dry. It will take about two to three hours to dry.

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